FA 18 C/D Finnish (Çɶõµå)

ca | 2004-03-14 04:48:49

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Ãâó click
http://www.sci.fi/~fta/jyrki-hn4.htm



Ãâó click http://members.lycos.co.uk/Hornet/index-12.html

Then first Hornet was delivered in June 1995 and deliveries will continue until
the final example is forwarded in what is expected to be August 2000.

1995³â 6¿ù ºÎÅÍ 2000³â 8¿ù ±îÁö ³³±âÇÏ¿´´Ù.

The Finnish have a strong desire for autonomy in operating their F/A-18뭩,
currently this is being facilitated by means of the U.S. providing the Finnish Air Force with Engineering,
Logistics and training support.

Çɶõµå Á¤ºÎ´Â È£³ÝÀÇ ÀÚü ¿î¿µ,À¯Áö¿¡ °­ÇÑ ÀÇÁö¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù. ÇöÀç Çɶõµå °ø±ºÀº ¹Ì±¹ÃøÀÇ Engineering, Logistics ÈÆ·Ã Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Finnish pilots undertook Hornet training in USA Language Training at DLIELC, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX.
Finland trained 15 pilots and 55 maintenance personnel in the USA between 1994 -96.
The pilots started their training with a nine week Specialised Aviation English course
in Defence Language Institute English Language Centre in Lackland AFB, San Antonio, Texas.
In Lackland the pilots attended week-long courses for meteorology, radio communications, emergency procedures, navigation,
flight physiology, fighter structures and fighter manoeuvers.
DLI hosted courses for military personnel from 61 nations at the time.
A Finnish trainee could find himself in the same class with Turkish F-16 pilots,
French Navy pilots, Lebanese helicopter pilots and Japanese jet pilots.

Çɶõµå Á¶Á¾»ç(µé)Àº »ê¾ÈÅä´Ï¿¡ ¼ÒÀç Lackland °ø±º±âÁö DLIELC ÀÇ ¾ð¾î±³À°°ü¿¡¼­ È£³Ý ÀûÀÀÈƷÿ¡ Âü¿©Çß¾ú´Ù.
Çɶõµå´Â Á¶Á¾»ç(µé) 15¸í°ú 55ÀÎÀÇ Á¤ºñÀοøÀÇ ±³À°À» 1994³â ºÎÅÍ 1996³â ±îÁö Á¦°ø¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
ÇØ´ç (»ó±â ±âÀçµÈ ¹Ì°ø±º ±âÁö) Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ 9 ÁÖ°£ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Ç×°ø ¿µ¾îÇнÀÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ±â»óÇÐ, ¹«¼± ±³½Å, ºñ»ó ÀýÂ÷(µé), Á¶Á¾, Ç×°ø »ý¸®ÇÐ( °í±âµ¿½Ã ½Åüº¯È­ )
±âü ±¸Á¶, ±âü ¿î¿ë ( manoeuvers : maneuver ( ±âµ¿ ¿¬½À ) ) ¿¡ Âü¿© ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
DLI ( DLIELC ) ¿¡¼­´Â 61 °³±¹ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±º»ç ¿ä¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇнÀ °­Á°¡ °³¼³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Çɶõµå Á¶Á¾»ç(µé)ÀÌ ±³À°¹Þ´ø¶§¿¡ ÅÍÅ°ÀÇ ÆÓÄÁ, ÇÁ¶û½º Çرº, ·¹¹Ù³í Çï±â, ÀϺ» Á¶Á¾»çµéÀÌ ±³À° ¹Þ´Â ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù.

Ãâó click
http://home.att.net/~jbaugher4/f18_18.html
On May 16, 1992, Finland announced that it had selected the F/A-18C/D Hornet to replace the entire front-line Ilmavoimat
fighter force of two SAAB J-35 Draken squadrons and one squadron of MiG-21bis fighters.
The Hornet won in a flyoff against the F-16A MLU, SAAB Gripen, Dassault Mirage 2000-5, and Mikoyan MiG-29

1992³â 5¿ù 16ÀϺηΠ, Çɶõµå Á¤ºÎ´Â ±âÁ¸ ÃÖÀü¼± Ilmavoimat ÀüÅõ±â¿Í, »çºê»çÀÇ 2°³ µå¶óÄË, ¹Ì±× 21 ÇÑ ´ë´ë¸¦ È£³Ý C/D ·Î ´ëüŰ·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.
È£³ÝÀº ÆÓÄÁ type A ( MLU ), »çºê»çÀÇ ±×¸®Ææ, ´Ù½î»çÀÇ 2000-5 ¹Ì¶óÁö¿Í ¹ÌÄÚ¾á»çÀÇ ¹Ì±× 29¿¡¼­ ºñÇà ¼º´É¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼öÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

A letter of acceptance was signed on June 5, 1992 for a total of 64 aircraft,
with the first seven F/A-18Ds being built by McDonnell and the remaining 57 F/A-18C single seaters
all being assembled by the Valmet Aircraft Industry Co. (now renamed Patria Finavitec OY) of
Kuorevesi from McDonnell-supplied kits.

1992³â 6¿ù 5ÀÏ ¾çÇØ°¢¼­ ( acceptance ? )¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇÏ°í, 1992³â ¸Æµµ³Îµå »çÃøÀÌ Á¦Á¶ÇÒ 7±âÀÇ º¹ÁÂÇü type D ¿Í 64±âÁß ³ª¸ÓÁö ´ÜÁÂÇü type C 57 ±â´Â
¸Æµµ³Îµå ÇÏû Å°Æ® Á¦°ø ¾÷ü ¹ß¸Ó Ç×°ø »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ Á¶¸³Çϱâ·Î µÇ¾ú´Ù. ( ¹ß¸Ó»çÀÇ ÇöÀç ȸ»ç¸íÀº Patria finavitec OY )

In Finland, the Hornets were initially to be used only for air defense, and the aircraft was not supposed to
carry any air-to-ground armament. For this reason, the F/A-18 designation was shortened to F-18C and F-18D.
The Finnish F-18C/Ds were to be capable of carrying and firing the AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missile.
The AIM-9 L/M/S Sidewinder missiles, as well as the AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles which will arm the Finnish Hornets,
will be manufactured in the USA. However, the electronics suite provided with the Finnish Hornet is fully capable of
air-to-ground roles, and an expansion to full air-to-ground capability is expected soon.

Çɶõµå¿¡¼­, È£³Ý±â(µé)Àº Ãʱ⿡ ´ë°ø ¹æ¾î¿ëÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ëÁö»ó ¹«±â ÀåÂøÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀüÅõ±â¿´´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ , µé¿©¿Â È£³Ý±â(µé)ÀÇ ÀÓ¹«´Â Á¦ÇÑ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Çɶõµå È£³Ý C/D ´Â AIM-120 ¾Ï¶÷, ¹æ¿ï¹ì(sidewinder ) L/M/S À» ÀåÂøÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½ÇÀç Çɶõµå È£³Ý¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ AIM-120 ¾Ï¶÷Àº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Á¦Á¶ µÉ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ¿´´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀüÀÚ ±â±âµéÀº ´ëÁö»ó °ø°Ý´É·ÂÀÇ ¿ªÈ° ´ã´ç°ú ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀÌ
È®ÀåµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The F404-GE-402 EPE engine was selected for the Finnish F-18s. These engines were also to be assembled locally,
with General Electric supplying 137 kits. The radar selected for the Finnish F-18s was the AN/APG-73,
making Finland the first international customer to receive this radar which is much more capable thatn the
APG-65 and can simultaneously launch up to 8 AMRAAMs. The fire-control radar was to be built entirely in the USA.
However, the Hornet's onboard computer will be manufactured by Valmet.
The computer is known as Dlec, and is reported to be of a new and revolutionary type.


F404-GE-402 EPE ¿£ÁøÀÌ ÀåÂøµÈ´Ù. (?:137 °³ ¿£ÁøÁß Á¶¸³µÈ ¿£ÁøÀÌ ÀåÂøµÈ´Ù. ? ) . Çɶõµå È£³Ý F-18s ´Â AN/APG-73 ·¹ÀÌ´Ù¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù.
±âÁ¸ APG-65 ·¹ÀÌ´õ¿¡ ºñÇØ Çâ»óµÈ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áø ±× ·¹ÀÌ´õ¸¦ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ±¸¸Å ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. AN/APG-73 ·¹ÀÌ´õ´Â ÃÖ´ë 8 ±âÀÇ ¾Ï¶÷À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹ß»ç
°¡´É Çϸç, È­·Â °üÁ¦ ·¹ÀÌ´õ ( fire-control radar ) ´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Á¦Á¶µÈ °Í(µé) ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³»Àå ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ¹ß¸Ó»ç¿¡¼­ Á¦Á¶ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Dlec À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ÇüŶó°í º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The Finnish Hornets are equipped with the ITT/Westinghouse AN/ALQ-165 Advanced Self-Protection Jammer (ASPJ).
The ASPJ contract was signed on September 30, 1994. The Ilmavoimat is the first customer for the ASPJ,
the US Navy having cancelled its order in 1992. The ASPJs will cost about two million dollars apiece.
Integration of the ASPJ with the Finnish Hornets will be handled by the US Navy.
The aircraft will be equipped with a Finnish-built datalink.


Çɶõµå È£³ÝÀº ITT/Westinghouse »çÀÇ AN/ALQ-165 (ASPJ) À» ÀåÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1994 ³â 9¿ù 30 ÀÏ ASPJ ¸¦ °ø±Þ¹Þ±â·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â ¹Ì ÇرºÀÌ 1992 ³â ÁÖ¹®À» Ãë¼Ò ÇÑ°ÍÀ¸·Î °³´ç 20¾ï¿ø( ´ç½Ã ) ±ÞÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì ÇرºÀº Çɶõµå È£³Ý±â(µé)¿¡ ÀåÂø ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
Çɶõµå½Ä ( Finish-built ) µ¥ÀÌŸ ¸µÅ©¸¦ ÀåÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The Finnish Hornets retain their arrester hooks, which will aid in operations from highway strips during winter.


Çɶõµå È£³Ý±â(µé)ÀÇ Âø·ú¿ë hooks ´Â °Ü¿ïö Á¼°í ±â´Ù¶õ °í¼Óµµ·Î ¿¡¼­ ÀÛÀü ¼öÇàÀ» µµ¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The first Finnish Hornet crews were trained by VFA-125 based at NAS Lemoore.
Three fighter squadrons were scheduled to receive the Hornet--HavLlv 11 of the Lappi Wing,
HavLlV 21 with Satakunta Wing, and HavLlv 31 of the Karelian Wing.
The first two operated the SAAB 35 BS and S, whereas the third operated the MiG-21bis.
These three squadrons are currently the only fighter squadrons operated by the Finnish Defense Forces.
A Finnish fighter wing operates a single fighter squadron of 12 to 20 planes,
plus a few liaison planes, as well as maintenance, logistics, administrative, and base defense personnel.


ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Çɶõµå È£³Ý È£Á¾»ç´Â NAS ¸£¹«¾î ÀÇ VFA-125 ¿¡¼­ ±³À°¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

The first F-18 Hornet for Finland's Ilmavoimat, an F/A-18D two-seater (HN-461),
was flown at St Louis on April 21, 1995. Pilots were McDD test pilot Fred Madenwald and Navy officer Dave Stuart.
The first four of 64 Hornets were delivered from St Louis to Tampere/ Pirkkala by US Navy and Finnish Air Force pilots
on November 7, 1995. They were F/A-18Ds, serialed HN-462, HN-464, HN-465, and HN-466.
The single-seaters are numbered HN-401 onwards.
The first Valmet-assembled F-18C was delivered in June of 1996,
with the order scheduled for completion in August of 2000. The last of 57 F-18Cs (serial number HN-457)
was delivered on August 8, 2000, right on schedule.

First to convert was HavLLv 11 at Tampere-Pirkkala, which became operational with the Hornet in in the summer of 1997.
The redundant Drakens were transfered to HavLLv 21 at Rovaniemi.
The second Ilmaviomat squadron to transfer to the Hornet was HavLLv 31,
which completed the transition from the MiG-21bis to the Hornet in March of 1998.
Hornets will replace the SAAB 35S Drakens of HavLLv 21 in the early 2000s.


Serial Numbers of McDonnell Douglas/Boeing F-18C Hornet

HN-401/HN-457 McDonnell Douglas F-18C Hornet
HN-430 (HavLLV 21) crashed Nov 8, 2001 after midair
collision with HN-413. Pilot ejected safely,
HN-413 landed safely.








Pilots Flight Suit for the Finnish Hornet
Çɶõµå È£³Ý ÀüÅõ±â¿ë ÀüÅõº¹

A Gentex (US) helmet with pressure breathing and twin visor (clear & dark), NVG attachment to be designed.
¹Ì Á¨Åؽº »çÀÇ Çï¸äÀº ³»¾Ð »ê¼Ò ¸¶½ºÅ© ( pressure breathing ) , 2Áß Â÷±¤Ã¢ ( twin visor : sunvisor ) , NVG ( Night Vision Gogle ) ÀÌ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

ML Lifeguard (UK) flight suit underneath. Two different types of woollen underwear and a fleece jacket.
Winter jacket to be selected in the near future.
ML Lifeguard Ç×°ø ³»ÀǸ¦ Âø¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾ç¸ð ³»ÀÇ¿Í ¼ø¾ç¸ð »óÀÇ 2°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ°í, °Ü¿ïö »óÀÇ°¡ Á¶¸¸°£ °ø±ÞµÉ °Í°°´Ù.

On-board Oxygen Generation System (OBOGS)
³»ºÎ »ê¼Ò »ý¼º±â

Pressure regulator to adjust the pressure in the oxygen mask
³»¾Ð Á¶Àý±â: »ê¼Ò ¸¶½ºÅ© ³»ºÎ ¾Ð·Â Á¶Àý

Pressure vest (ML Lifeguard) to give positive pressure to upper body under G-loads.
¾Ð·Â Á¶³¢ : G ±âµ¿½Ã Ç× ³»¾Ð Á¶¼º.

Pressure breathing and vest add about 1,5 G tolerance compared to the traditional G-suit
±âÁ¸ G Á¶Á¾º¹ ( suit ) ¿¡ ºñÇØ 1,5 G ÀÇ ³»±¸(Ç×)(tolerance ) ¼ºÀ» °¡Áø´Ù.

Full cover G-suit (ML Lifeguard) with large air bladders.
Fast reacting G-valve in the aircraft. Adds one more G compared to the traditional G-suit
(ÀÇ¿ª) °í±âÀÇ ºÎ·¹¿Í °°Àº ³»ºÎ¾Ð °í¼Ó Á¶Àý±â·Î ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ±âµ¿À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

Four leg restraints to attach to the Martin Baker SJU-17 NACES ejection seat
¸¶Æ¾ º£ÀÌÄ¿ »çÀÇ ³×°³ÀÇ ´Ù¸®·Î µÈ SJU-17 NACES »çÃâÁ¼® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀåÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Immersion suit for over water flights
¼ö»ó ºñÇà½Ã¸¦ ´ëºñÇÑ ¹æ¼öº¹.


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